A Thief of Time Essay

In Tony Hillermans’ story, â€Å"A Thief of Time† (Hillerman, 2002) the author tells about murder and vanishings of people as Navaho detectives, Lieutenant Joe Leaphorn and Officer Jim Chee search for answers as to why, on the Indian grounds, that people are vanishing and why a well-known anthropologist is missing. Fear encompasses the tale of the ancient Indian grounds where detectives take center stage in looking for clues in the buried ruins that has caused so much confusion. When the backhoe is missing, this mysterious event sets Jim Chee in motion as he tries to uncover what really happened and he won’t stop until he finds the reason. His partner in this bizarre mystery is still coping with the loss of his spouse. Joe Leaphorn just wants to complete one more detective job before retirement. The younger officer; Chee isn’t ready for any type of quitting. Chee is excited about the fact that he may uncover something that includes not only the theft of the backhoe, but he is serious about uncovering the reason that two men have disappeared. Native Americans remain mysterious but the author tries to bring to life, what their true objectives are in this story. The Navaho detectives demonstrate their deep desire to do what is right in this story and offer us a good look into the lives of the Navaho Indian culture. The rummaging through the Indian grounds, unearths many various descriptions of what it’s like to live as a Navaho Indian and as these charming detectives did deep into the ground as they search for missing bodies and mechanical equipment, they discover a mystery that is worth looking into. Reference Page Hillerman, Tony. (2002) A Thief of Time. Harper Collins.

Riordan Manufacturing Legal Review

Riordan Manufacturing Legal Review Cody Morse BSA310 10/29/12 Morris Polston Riordan Manufacturing Legal Review Upon reviewing Riordan Manufacturing’s legal section I found the page to be devoid of any information regarding to current business system. However, the page does detail the relationship between Riordan Manufacturing and their legal partners, Litteral & Finkel, who have been legal representatives of Riordan Manufacturing since the company’s founding.Litteral & Finkel are global but lack an office in China to directly assist Riordan Manufacturing on its legal matters regarding their future expansion into Shanghai. The Legal page contributes information regarding the board of directors and the basic governing policies regarding it. Litteral and Finkel have stated that they can send attornies from their closest offices to help aide Riordan Manufacturing should the need arise.Although this is helpful and most useful it would be great to see a virtual meeting syste m incorporated into the communication between both parties (Apollo Group, Inc. , 2012). It is would recommend that both Riordan Manufacturing and Litteral & Finkel, invest in the implementation of a virtual meeting software such as Citrix Go-to-meeting. This would allow for face to face video communication regarding legal matters and would also facilitate realtime document sharing between the parties.An issue with security has also been found during the review. A memorandum was marked confidential however it was protected by any incription. We can see no security measures to protect information internally or externally. It is our recommendation that firewalls be added to all locations to protect from outside interference. It would also be wise to start using a program like Bitlocker on all hard drives. Works Cited Apollo Group, Inc. (2012). Legal. Retrieved 10 20, 2012, from Riordan Manufacturing:

Chilean Mine

Over two months trapped underground waiting to be rescued their waiting had finally come to an end on October 13, 2010. Two months ago on August 5th, 2010, in the city of Copiapo, Chile, near the Atacama desert an underground mining had collapsed trapping 33 miners 2300 feet below the surface. Now, given under the circumstances that the mine had a history of previous accidents and deaths, this led everyone to believe that the 33 men underground had died in the rumble. What will become of them?Having to be open-minded in such a gloom situation, was difficult nowing that the miners were still alive and well. There had to be something done to help them. The first thing that needs to be done is understand the crisis or disaster, only after that can a decision is made as how to handle the situation. In a situation like this it is best to appoint someone who can handle the discussions that arise and control the media. someone who can think outside the box and be sincere In executing the ta sk at hand.Someone who Is not afraid to ask questions and Is well versed with business rule: When you cannot answer the question, get someone who can. (Crisis Management 5th Para. Not only will this be the best for the company but for the families of the miners as well. Some considerations to remember is that the audience may be emotionally distressed and when communicating with them about the topic that we are straight forward. There has to be control in such a chaotic situation. Their expectations want to be addressed.How quickly will this be resolved? When will their loved ones come home They want answers, The needs of the families receiving the messages of this incident would want to know that their families would be coming home safely and that there is a plan to get the know out I OF3 saTely. Also, Is tnere a support system to nelp out tne Tamllles going tnrougn t crisis? Some family members, such as the children of those trapped below may need therapy. The families may want to know as well if there will be any compensation for what had happened.Will the company do what's right or Just walk away? Another potential need about receiving a message would be that, is the company safe? What measures have taken place to ensure the safety of the employees? Have preventive measures been taken so it won't happen again? The people would want to know that the company is doing something for their fellow employees trapped below. They would want to see that the company is taking steps to show that they care about what happened to their employees and that something like this would not happen again.Actions that would be taken before delivering the message is make sure that the one person appointed is an expert to read a memo and handle any questions that arise in the public. Also, at times of chaos there has to some level of comfort, tell them what they would want to hear. Letting them know that their loved ones are well, and that all steps are being taken to bring them h ome safely can bring them some ease. In any crisis or tragedy there are precautions take and how to handle the situation.The main concern is, how is the message being delivered and how the audience will will react to it. The key component is to communicate and show sympathy for the employees and families. Such a message would be delivered in person, face to face especially with the families involved. Another way would be to broad cast it so that city sees your trying to do what is best to bring them home safely. To hide behind letters and not be a around shows no empathy or concerns for the individuals that are involved. Our thoughts and prayers go out to those affected by this tragedy.Memo to Family Members and Employees As you may have heard on August 5th, 2010, there was a tragic accident in the mines of Chile located deep in the Atacama desert. The mine had caved in trapping 33 of our miners 2300 feet underground. They are working diligently to find the men and ensure that they have enough food and water to help them while they wait to be rescued. There are three large teams including the expertise of N. A. S. A working on ensuring their safe return to their loved ones. We know that working in the mining usiness can often be hard and cruel but I assure we are doing everything possible to bring them home.As more information or changes develop, the families will be the first to be notified and if there are any questions or needs please feel free to contact us. Our thoughts and prayers are with you and your loved ones.

Patents and their role Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Patents and their role - Essay Example Introduction Writers, inventors, artist, scientists transform their idea into tangible products or property which is reflective of all the research and effort done in achieving that final product. When this property is protected under the law it is called intellectual property rights (IP). Patents, copyrights, trademarks and trade secrets are all examples of intellectual property rights. Inventions, innovations, discoveries and artistic work etc. are as old as human history then why patents are required now. With the onset of globalization and communication mediums such as internet etc. information and knowledge transfers very easily at a very high speed. Patent rights prevent others from copying, making, using or selling the property. Patent is basically a reward to the inventor. This paper aims at studying in detail what exactly patent rights are? What was the need of their development and implementation? Some research related to rules and regulations of the patent law will also be conducted. The paper will also discuss the importance and benefits of patents. Intellectual Property Rights Intellectual property can be defined as the product of human intellect which have commercial value and that is protected by law. Intellectual property generally includes creative works, products, processes, imagery, inventions and services. These intellectual properties are protected through patents, copyrights and trademarks. Intellectual property rights along with other regulations and court decisions secure the rights through following activities. Firstly it includes restriction on selling or licensing of intellectual properties. Secondly, resolution of conflict between companies over intellectual properties and services. Lastly it involves administrative procedures such as registration and administration of intellectual property rights. There are three types of intellectual property rights patent law, copy right law and trademark law. Patent types Patent law is further di vided into three categories according to the type of the product. The three categories are utility, design and plant. The most common type of patent right is utility patent. Utility patent is usually reserved for the invention of a new yet non-obvious product. The inventor of this innovative product is granted the exclusive right of selling, using and making of this product for a period of about 17-18 years. The patent granted for new but nonfunctional design is for the period of 14 years. The expiry date of the patent of plant is the longest it lasts for twenty years (Stim). Utility patents as described above are reserved for new, non-obvious, innovative and useful discoveries. These discoveries are further categorized into five types namely processes, machines, manufacturers, compositions of matter or improvement into any of these types. Design pattern is granted for an article of manufacturer (Law). Features of Patent A patent is not just a legal document but it is a technical pu blication and it even serves the purpose of a sales brochure. It is called a technical document because it must contain sufficient information about the product which is useful for person interested in making and using the patent. Such a document is a source of technical information for the public which is not available otherwise. It also serves the purpos

Assignment 3 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Assignment 3 - Research Paper Example The political dimension of immigration comes in when the immigrants’ stay is of a long-term nature. The national government may be required to facilitate their participation in the civil and political life of the nation. This dimension would be in the lines of involving them in discussions regarding policies that may affect their stay in the country (Moses, 2006). The national government may even include them in voting activities. The economic effects come in a variety of ways, both long-term and short-term. Receiving countries may address skill shortages and at the same time, this may result in a burden to public welfare and a decrease in domestic wages (International Labor Office, 2010). The sending countries benefit from receiving remittances from the work performed by their citizens while abroad. If we considered North-North migration patterns in 2013, statistics show a significant number of migrants moving between the Russian Federation and Ukraine. A total of 3.5 million migrants moved to Ukraine from Russia and another 2.9 million people move to the Russian Federation from Ukraine. This massive influx of migrants from these areas may be due to a variety of factors including political instability caused by civil unrest and differences in policies employed to counter these scenarios. In comparison with other migration fields in the south, the migration pattern between these two countries shows the largest mutual flow between any other countries as of 2013 statistics. This pattern is shown evidently by the graph below. Many of these migrants moved in search of a better life, and since the conditions keep on changing in this part of the world, they end up in constant movement from one place to another. They may also move in search of better economic prospects that their country of origin may not have been able to provide. Hence, the migrants’ movement would improve their standards of living. Apart from economic benefits, these migrants may have

The suitablity of New Technologies for Developing Economies Essay

The suitablity of New Technologies for Developing Economies - Essay Example What is new energy technology? New energy technology tries to combine the innovative manipulations of modern technology into providing energy from cheap sustainable natural sources such as the sun. Indeed, the advent of new energy is a confirmation that there has been fruitful and sufficient use of the environment and environmental resources as new technology can best be described as the product of the environment.2 Factors that influence the choice of new energy technology for developing countries Availability of raw material Presently, most developing countries depend on hydroelectric power for the supply of energy. It cannot be denied however that water is no longer becoming a very reliable source of energy. This is because of the perennial shortest of water that exists in most parts of the world. The issue becomes compounded even with the prevailing threat of global warming, which is leading to the extinction of water bodies across the world3. In some parts of developing world wh ere there exists drying season part of their major annual seasons; governments have had to fall on the purchase of electric generators to supplement energy supply whenever hydroelectric power supply fails them. ... Accessibility and Diversity The production and diversity associated with new energy technology is overwhelming5. This is because new energy technology offers an unprecedented widest range of equipment support. For example more advancement are making it possible for machinery such as motorbikes and even helicopters that lived on different forms of energy from devices such as television, computers and air conditioners to all use the same source of energy, which is solar. Even as the scope of production becomes wider, the cost and running of solar based energy becomes even cheaper. The making of windows that are embedded with functions as solar panels is one of the most innovative ways of making new energy accessible and diverse6 and these are ways of making new energy technology more accessible and diverse. Environmental Friendliness One great advantage for the use of new energy technology is its environmental friendliness. Unlike energy sources such as biogas, diesel, petrol and carbo n gas that pose real threat to the environment and human health, the production and use of new energy technology is threat free as far as the environment is concerned. In most solar powered equipment, there are special devices and gadgets; mostly films that permit an environmentally friendly use due to reduction in gaseous immisions.7 This innovation goes a long way to reduce cost on replenishing the environment because of its depletion and the cost of sustaining human health and live out of the risk associated with harmful energy sources. Conclusion By and large, this case study has succeeded in establishing the relationship between engineering,

Computer Software Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Computer Software - Essay Example The ultimate objective is to get ordinary persons to be able to use the computer for their requirements. The nature of software divides it into three portions - operating systems, languages and applications. The first of these is the operating system which sets down the laws for exchange of information between men and the machine. This is taken by users as being part of the machine and is generally seen by individuals when they first switch on their computers. In many cases, for individuals using a computer at home, this is Windows. Till the system becomes functional and the loading of Windows stops, the user will not be able to start using the machine. Anything that is typed by the operator before Windows is ready for taking instructions will only result in the computer just clogging up and stopping operations. At the same time, Windows is not the only possible operation for a computer, as it may also have "UNIX, Apple Mach, Ban, VMS, RS, OS2, Irix, AIX or HP-UX" among others. (Comp uter Software) However, the operating systems lead to files being written in particular languages, and thus it is difficult for information to be exchanged between computers which have different operating systems. This is very important today in view of the high usage of Internet and sending of mail across the world. That is made simpler as the language for sending information is generally Internet Explorer or Mozilla Firefox. Files in these languages are accepted by all operating systems so that communication is not interrupted. In the same machine also it is possible to have more than one language like having both Windows and Linux, though Windows does not recognize the existence of Linux as it is viewed as a competitor. The next question is of languages used for writing instructions for the operation of the computer. This is the language used by programmers so that the computer itself can translate their instructions to machine language for the operation of the computer. It is important to know that the operations of the computer are carried out in machine language and that is in the simple method of off or on. Off is viewed as zero, and on is viewed as 1. Thus 2 are written in machine language as 10, and three is written as 11, and four as 100. Similarly, there are also codes for the alphabets, and for every character, there are 16 bits or 32 bits being used now. This also results in large sizes for files in computers. One page of typed matter has a size of over 20,000 units of bits. This makes it essential that computers have large storage capacities, presently over 80 gigabytes or 80 trillion bytes. Coming back to the point that we were discussing, some common languages are "C, C++, FORTRAN, COBO L, Pascal, Perl and Java". (Computer Software) Presently, the language popular among programmers is Java, as the instructions in that language can be the shortest. However, the ultimate language for passing on all instructions to the computers is machine language, and

SWOT analysis report on youth justice system and its links to multi Essay

SWOT analysis report on youth justice system and its links to multi agency working practices - Essay Example This essay will present the strength, weaknesses, opportunity and threat (SWOT) analysis of the system. The essay will include the link of the system to multi agency working practices. The youth justice system main aim is â€Å"the prevention of offending by children and young people.† The youth justice system believes that one of the best and most cost-effective ways to reduce youth crime is to prevent young people from committing it. They should be able to identify the cause of such act which maybe because of lack education, poor family relationships, having family members or peers who have offended, and misuse of substance. At the end of the essay we will be able to examine the multi-agency approaches to working in a political social and policy context. The key drivers of changes in public service will be examined. We will be able to analyse the various barriers to multi agency partnerships. The essay will be able us to understand the role of the organization within a multi agency context. And at the end we will understand the importance of partnership in a multi agency approach to achieve justice sector goals. The youth justice system in England Wales includes the process and procedure used in prosecuting, convicting and punishing persons under 18 years of age who commit criminal acts. The youth justice system are being govern by the youth justice board who ensure that the custody of the young offender is safe, secure, and addresses the causes of their offending behaviour. The youth justice system is effective in its purpose to treat the young offenders on the way that they should be treated. This is one of the strength that the justice system had. The system follows a process in handling situations on young offenders. When a young person commits a first or second minor offense a system of reprimands and final warning can be given by the police officer. A reprimand is a verbal warning given by police officer to young person who admits

Management of Change Campaign Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Management of Change Campaign - Assignment Example The company has to implement the policy change with respect to "carbon foot print". The need for change in policy and the way in which the change can be implemented are the major challenges for the team of management consultants. David Whetton(2005)1 says that , the business environment today is totally different from the scenario a decade ago. It is far more challenging to prepare the members of the organization to accept the need for change, to help understand the new approach, to obtain their commitment to implement the proposal, to manage the transition period effectively and to institutionalize the new idea by "hard wiring" it into the organization's communication, evaluation and reward systems. " good ideas are not in scarce supply, what is rare is the ability to translate a good idea into accepted practice". When we analyze the words accepted practice, it is clear that the success of any change is dependent on the acceptance of the practice. The acceptance of the new idea by the members of the organization at all levels can be achieved through careful estimation of the changes required and intricate planning of the details about implementation. This report which is submitted to the management of Globa l Chemical Industries PLC outlines the activities and the method of implementation of the policies to reduce carbon foot printing. This report also highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the campaign and how the campaign will influence the operations and behavioral aspects of Global Chemical Industries PLC. BACKGROUND OF THE ORGANIZATION The founders of Global Chemical Industries PLC did not plan their organization to be global conglomerate. They started catering to the needs of the villagers and other surrounding neighborhoods by formulating chemicals and native medicines late in 1890s in Sunderland. Then slowly the operations began to expand which led to the standardization of the formulae and there by the small home based remedies and cures started to grow into a public listed company in 1900s. With strong hold in research and development the company introduced major products and by acquiring small chemical companies, Global Chemical Industries PLC started to develop into one of the major players in the chemical industry in UK. When the wave of globalization started, Global Chemical Industries PLC started riding in the wave and began exploring offshore markets and sought foreign partnerships and collaborations. This paved way for its acquisition of US based Keller chem., in 1995, which added to the strengths of Gl obal Chemical Industries PLC and helped it to enter into the US markets. Likewise, it partnered with Timban Chemicals in France in 1997 which helped Global Chemical Industries PLC to gain a foothold in European Markets. The company's chronology states that, in the last decade of the last century, Global Chemical Industries PLC has evolved itself into a global giant. At present the company is listed in London Stock Exchange. The company has operations in 46 countries and has production facilities in 9 countries. The products of the company include chemicals for prescription drugs, OTC drugs and vaccinations and veterinary medicines. It is one of the largest chemical companies in the world. In 2006 28% of their sales were made in Europe, 30% in the Americas and 42% in Asia Pacific. The company is split into three regional divisions. The European region run from the UK, the America region run from t

Communication Media Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Communication Media Analysis - Essay Example 20. What are five non-verbal communications elements characteristic of this medium (Answer): The appearance of the document that was sent, how the document was produced before it was sent, the font and type size, layout, & writing style. 21. What are five types of noise that this communications medium is subject to (e.g., anything in the environment that delays, distorts, or destroys the message) (Answer): The fax machine being without paper, an interruption in the internet connection, problems with the telephone connection, how the person is speaking on the other end of the phone, the fax line is busy. 23. Ability to produce a document that is able to be read, the ability to know whatever the needs are of the receiver, to compose a coherent message, understanding an understanding of whatever the urgency is, & know the information needs. 25. What are five communications situations in which this medium could be appropriately used (Answer): Placing an order with a supplier, providing the results to a doctor's office, providing an agenda for a meeting, giving a report to a co-worker, & giving an assignment to an instructor. 27.

Breast Feeding Versus Bottle Feeding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Breast Feeding Versus Bottle Feeding - Essay Example Theories about Breast Feeding Often linked inextricably with the phrase ‘the most natural thing in the world’, breast feeding remains the most recommended and professionally supported method of feeding your newborn. Medical professionals recommend feeding your baby breast milk exclusively for the first 6 months (LICH Pediatrics, 2011). Other foods or formula should only be introduced gradually after this. The NHS website (2012) outlines the numerous advantages of breastfeeding for both you and your baby. The main benefits are; it is a source of optimal and natural nutrition which cannot be replicated, it builds babies immune system, it promotes a bond between mother and baby and it lowers the risk of infections, other common baby ailments and developing certain chronic diseases. Breast milk is also more easily absorbed and digested by babies compared to formula. Of course the practicality of breastfeeding is also a plus; it’s available anytime, it’s always a suitable temperature and it’s free. It also has health benefits for mum as it speeds up metabolism and helps in losing excess weight after childbirth. Studies have also shown that breast feeding yields a protective effect in mums against developing premenopausal breast cancer, ovarian cancer and osteoporosis (Kumar, 2012). Theories about Bottle Feeding Bottle feeding is an option many mothers choose. Very often, mothers simply are not comfortable breast feeding and turn to bottle feeding as an alternative. Nowadays, commercially prepared infant formulas are of a very high nutritional quality and are designed to mimic breast milk as much as possible (LICH Paediatrics, 2011). Though most feeding theories recommend the breast over the bottle, they do still acknowledge the many advantages bottle feeding offers. It is convenient and flexible, and makes public feeding an easier and less worrisome event for some mothers compared to breast feeding. It can also be pre-prepared when needed and the fact that anyone can bottle feed the baby means that mum does not need to be present at all feeding sessions, which is especially relevant to busy or working mothers.. However, it is important to remember that is has been proven that formula cannot match the nutritional composition of breast milk. Studies have even found an association between artificial formula feeding and an increased risk of childhood cancer (Kumar, 2012). Other studies have suggested that artificial feeding increases the risk of some medical conditions such as celiac disease, compared to breast fed babies. More practical disadvantages are that it is also the more expensive feeding method, costing new mums anywhere up to ?80 per week. What Do Most Mothers Go For And Why? It seems that the majority of new mothers in the UK choose to breast feed. The NHS (2011) reported that initial breastfeeding rates in 2010 were 83% in England, 74% in Scotland, 71% in Wales, and 64% in Northern Ireland. It also re ported a significant increase in breastfeeding since 2005. The fact that more and more research supports breast feeding over formula, and society is slowly becoming more comfortable with the naturalness of breast feeding, means that an increasing number of women see breast feeding as the best choice for them and for their baby. It is also interesting to note that the Milupa Aptamil

Media Coursework Report Essay Example for Free

Media Coursework Report Essay For my AS Media coursework, I chose to use fashion as the genre of my magazine. To help with my pre-production, I had to perform my own qualitative and quantitative research into fashion magazines and find out what my target audience of 15-19 year old girls would want from it. I went on to create the preliminary products which included the front cover and contents page, and from these the main products which were the alternative front cover and double page spread. These were all produced using Photoshop. I began by creating a questionnaire, as this is an effective way of finding out what my target audience will be looking for in a fashion magazine. I included 8 questions which asked some general questions into what the participant is interested in, and some into what they would like to see in a fashion magazine, to help me create my front cover and contents page. I gave 20 questionnaires out to other students aged 16-19 as this fits my target audience. By analysing the results of the questionnaire, I found out a range of information to help my design my front cover. The participants chose  £2.50 as the appropriate price and for the magazine to be produced monthly, which I will apply when creating the front cover. 80% of participants said they would be more likely to pick up the magazine if there was a celebrity on the cover. Therefore, I will ask a friend to pose as a celebrity to make it more appealing to my target audience. 50% of participants wanted to see interviews in the magazine and 30% wanted genre-specific features (in this case, it will be fashion, clothes etc.) which I will make sure to include in the contents page. I formed a focus group with other AS Media students in my class. They were all females, ranged from the ages 16-17, and had an interest in fashion, making them representative of my target audience. I asked them if I should put just one image on the front cover, or add smaller ones around the page to show what’s included inside. The feedback I received was very helpful, and led me to use just the one main photo for my preliminary front cover and  my main front cover, to keep the brand consistent. This keeps it looking professional and stops the page from looking overcrowded and trashy. By textually analysing fashion magazines currently on the market, I discovered a recurring theme among them. The bigger magazines (Vogue, Elle) have been around for much longer, and their cover stars overlap the masthead. However, when analysing Look, I noticed that the masthead overlapped the cover star, suggesting that this magazine is new and lesser known. From this, I decided to have the whole masthead of my magazine visible by audiences for my preliminary front cover as it is new and allows audiences to recognise the brand in future. I then chose to overlap part of the masthead on my main front cover with the cover star, as it is a later issue and audiences should then be able to recognise it. The content analysis allowed me to see what’s included in fashion magazines. This helped when compiling the contents page. Obviously the main part of a fashion magazine is the fashion itself. However, it also includes items related to hair and beauty, interviews, articles, advice and special features. I made sure to include all of these when designing my contents page, but I chose to keep the main focus on fashion. I decided to target my magazine towards teenage girls aged between 15 and 19. I thought this was a good range, as girls in their teens will have a more developed sense of style. From my institutional research, I discovered that many fashion magazines were targeted towards women in their 20s and 30s, and decided to aim mine at a teenage audience. Audiences for fashion magazines such as Vogue and Elle were predominantly female; therefore it was important to include items in the contents and on the cover that would attract a female audience. I also tried to use feminine colours where appropriate in the magazine to indicate the target audience. I also made sure my focus group was a good representation of my target audience, thus making sure they had a clear interest in fashion and fit the age category, which they did. I created my preliminary and main products using Adobe Photoshop which had all the necessary tools I needed to create a realistic and professional  magazine. By comparing my magazine in relation to Vogue, I am able to see the strengths and weaknesses of my production. I began by selecting the images I would use for each page. I used a Fujifilm Finepix S2950 to capture the photos. The models used direct mode of address as this is the most effective way of attracting the audience. I used a hairdryer to create the effect of wind blowing the model’s hair. I chose to use an image with a light background, with a model wearing spring clothing. I think this helped to make the cover look more professional as Vogue often incorporates the colours of the magazine to fit the season. I increased the contrast of the image to make it look brighter and more appealing. I then went on to create puffs around the image, and used only ‘Century Gothic’ font to keep it simple and sophisticated. I used a dark blue for the text as it contrasted well with the pink clothing that the model wore. I made sure to include small details as well, including the bar code, price and date to make the product more realistic. I was very pleased with the outcome of my preliminary front cover as it looked professional in relation to magazines on the market today, and had a similar style to that of Vogue magazine. My next task was the contents page, and from the research I did I was able to see what needed to be included. I wanted to keep it consistent, and so I used the same masthead from the front cover and used it at the top of the contents page. This was used in InStyle’s contents page. I also used the same colour scheme as the front cover, to show that the two are related. I kept the text in columns and split the content into sections, which is what I noticed InStyle and Vogue did when I researched them. I also noticed in the Vogue contents page that there was some information about the front cover image, so I decided to include that in my own, with information on where to buy the clothes. I was quite pleased with the result of my contents page, as I spent a lot of time on it. However, I felt that there was too much white space that could have been filled in. It may have been a good idea to add in some borders to give the page some depth. For the alternative cover, I made sure I kept the same font style and size for my masthead. This is because it is important to keep the brand recognisable. I asked my focus group if this was a good idea and they  agreed, saying it would keep it consistent and professional. All magazines do this, but fashion magazines such as Vogue and Elle often change the colour every month to fit with the theme. I have decided to do the same in my own production, by changing the colour of the masthead and the puffs to a maroon colour, to tie in with the month and season. It also contrasted well with the cover model’s blue dress. Like Vogue, I made sure I kept three puffs around the edges of the main image, to stop them from overlapping. I am really pleased with the outcome of this as I think it could pass as a real magazine. I then went on to create the double page spread in A3 size, and selected my image to cover the whole background. This meant there was no white space left around the edges, but there was still space to put some text. I wanted the image to take up dominant space on the page to catch the reader’s eye, which is what I noticed was used in Vogue’s double page spread. I brightened the image and removed some blemishes on the model to try and reach a flawless image, as perfection is one of the main selling points for a fashion magazine. I set the text out in two columns, as this is the layout that most magazines use, including Vogue. I used ‘Rage Italic’ for the headline, which is what I used for the headline on the cover, to keep a consistent house style. I also added page numbers to the bottom corners, as these small details help to build up a realistic product. I feel that my magazine is very similar to a professional product and would stand out in the market place. It follows the codes and conventions of a typical fashion magazine, and is aesthetically pleasing for the target audience. If I were to change anything, I would make the front cover masthead slightly larger, to make it more eye-catching.

The presidency of thomas jefferson

The presidency of thomas jefferson The Failures Of The Presidency Of Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson is generally regarded as one of the most popular and successful of the United States Presidents. In reviewing his Presidency, it is found that Jefferson had one of the toughest times as the nations leader. Jefferson made many mistakes during his two terms in office, some of which adversely affected the entire population of the United States. With an embargo that destroyed the homeland economy, and hypocritical negotiations with the terroristic Barbary pirates, Jeffersons few mistakes were some of the most detrimental and failed plots in the countrys history. These events and the specific actions taken by Jefferson while in office adversely affected the social and economical steadiness of the nation, creating a political imbalance that—by the end of Jeffersons second term—led to the War of 1812. The year was 1807, and the British and French had been at war with each other for around fifteen years. Jefferson was in his sixth year as President. Although the United States remained relatively uninvolved in the Napoleonic Wars up until this point, Britain announced that their naval fleet would be more aggressive in their policy of reclaiming deserted British soldiers who were now working on American ships. Around this same time, Napoleon Bonaparte, the French leader, proclaimed that because their country was at war with the British, their fleet would attack any ship carrying goods to or from Britain. These two threats required a response from Jefferson; shipping to and from Britain would have to cease because the French would attack American vessels, and ships could no longer travel around Europe because the British would reclaim their subjects. It was clear that the British did not want American trade to support the French, and the French did not want trade going to the British. This dilemma was considered an extreme priority; economy, foreign relations, and American lives were all at stake. Jefferson was convinced that he should act immediately. Jefferson consulted his cabinet and close officers and decided to ask Congress to pass an embargo. This embargo would not only bar all American ships from trading with Britain and France, it stopped trade overseas completely. Jefferson believed that while keeping Americans safe, he was also punishing Britain and France for their threats against America. Jefferson also believed that because the embargo blocked all trade completely, and because the United States was a part of the European economy, Britain and France would suffer from not having goods from America. (Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica) Jefferson was clearly wrong. The great nations of Britain and France did not need American trade after all, as they could import from anywhere else. One of the only things that both countries learned from the lesson was that neither of them required trade from the United States to succeed. The second that the embargo took place, over 30,000 jobs were lost. Not only were jobs lost, but people who still had jobs suffered even more than those that didnt. Farmers, who were used to shipping materials overseas, could not sell surplus amounts of what they produced. Port and dock workers had no cargo to unload or ships to manage, and ship owners had boats that sat—empty. This was the same for every major port city. Hoping that the embargo would be repealed, producers piled American-made merchandise by the docks. All of these items ready for the European economy, with no way to get there—legally. Smuggling became an industry under the embargo, with people so desperate to make mo ney in this minor depression of trade and economy. Smuggling went from ships sailing across the Great Lakes into Canada to merchants and traders breaking the embargo altogether. With the market in clear struggle, trade being the forerunner in the American economy, Jefferson did nothing about a possible repudiation of the embargo. Jefferson even stated that it was â€Å"necessary to maintain the laws of embargo.† (Jefferson) Smugglers who were caught were not convicted of their crimes, as even grand juries disagreed with the ridiculous act. Smugglers became heroes to the American people, and Jefferson became a persecutor. The Embargo Act was the complete antithesis of the idea of â€Å"promoting the general welfare;† rather, the restriction denied welfare, oppressing many groups of workers and people. (Malone) A constant embargo with duration of fifteen months proved that Jeffersons actions had failed. Britain and France experienced no trouble or effect of the embargo. The Embargo Act smothered American economy, fortunes, and businesses. It created a new industry for criminal behavior, and ruined Jeffersons image as a hero. In a letter that Jefferson wrote while preparing to leave the White House, he stated, â€Å"Never did a prisoner, released from his chains, feel such relief as I shall on shaking off the shackles of power.† After leaving office, Congress replaced the embargo with the Non-Intercourse Act, reinstating trade with every nation save Britain and France. Although Congress eventually repealed the Embargo Act, it was too late for Jefferson himself to reverse the action that he took based on his originally good intentions. (WhiteHouse.gov) Moving backward into the first term of Jeffersons presidency, another major error is found. In 1801, the first year of Jeffersons first term, the First Barbary War broke out. This small war was fought between the United States and the Barbary States, a group of independent nations in North Africa. In the first few weeks of Jeffersons term, Yusuf Karamanli, a high-ranking official of the Barbary States, demanded $225,000 from Jeffersons new administration. Jefferson immediately refused the demand, and Karamanli declared war on the United States. Two other nations followed their Tripolitan allies and declared war as well. Jefferson responded to this declaration of war by sending a group of frigates to defend other American trade ships and people in the Mediterranean Sea. Congress never voted on the declaration of war, but they did approve Jeffersons request of sending the frigates. While the American navy was relatively strong, tensions increased and battles broke out. The fleet of Tri poli captured the USS Philadelphia. All of the crew, including the captain, was taken as hostages and the ship was turned against other American ships. (Toll) Almost nine months after the Philadelphia was captured, Stephen Decatur led the very first Marines to Tripoli and onto the Philadelphia. The men overpowered the Tripolitan crew and set fire to the ship, in order to ensure that the Philadelphia would not be used against American forces anymore. Jeffersons mistake of denying the ransom of around a quarter of a million dollars led to many deaths and unnecessary battles over a period of four years—but this was not the worst part of his decision. While Jeffersons position on paying ransom in 1801 was firm, he asked Congress to pay a ransom in 1805, thus ending the war. This hypocritical stance was not a fair way to end the war, as they had already been fighting for four years. Many of the members of the State Department believed that the honor of the United States was lost when it abandoned the crew of the Philadelphia in 1803, but paid a ransom for their release in 1805. The worst part of this decision was the fact that the sixty- thousand dollar ransom that was paid in 1805 only released the sailors, but did not create a peace agreement with the Barbary States. This mistake led to various fleets from the Barbary States seizing American ships and crewmen, starting back up a mere two years after the ransom had been paid. Clearly, the paying of the ransom did nothing but support the terroristic ways of the Barbary States. The way that the United States agreed to negotiate with the radical regime did not â€Å"secure the blessings of liberty,† but it led the leaders of the Barbary States to believe that the United States would pay ransom for hostages, which led to the Second Barbary War. All of the money, life, resource, and honor that were lost in both the paying of the ransom and the Second Barbary War would have been saved if the war would have been finished in 1805 and a treaty agreement signed, rather than Jeffersons agreeing to support the severely corrupt Ottoman Empire. (Gawalt) It is clear that in reguard to honor and heroism, Thomas Jefferson is one of the most popular and well-respected of the Founding Fathers, as well as the United States Presidents. Although Jefferson was a successful leader in American History, his presidency led to a decline in respect for him politically. The two fatal failures of the presidency of Thomas Jefferson are the relations with the Barbary Pirates and the Embargo Act, both directly stimulating American involvement with the war of 1812, thus ruining American neutrality. Jefferson did not have a failed presidency, but a flawed one. Jefferson made mistakes just like any other man, but his actions led to a decline in the economy, the loss of life, the inbalance of the infrastructure of the United States, and even another war with the tyrants of the Barbary States. â€Å"Action will delineate and define you.† – Thomas Jefferson Works Cited Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica. Embargo Act. 2009. Embargo Act (United States [1807]). 2 October 2009 . Gawalt, Gerard W. The Thomas Jefferson Papers. January 2009. America and the Barbary Pirates: An International Battle Against an Unconventional Foe. 1 October 2009 . Jefferson, Thomas. Eighth State of the Union Address. Speech. Washington, D.C., 1808. Malone, Dumas. Jefferson the President: Second Term 1805 1809 Volume V (Jefferson and His Time, Vol 5). Chicago: Back Bay Books, 1975. Toll, Ian W. Six Frigates: The Epic History of the Founding of the U.S. Navy . New York: W. W. Norton Company, 2006. WhiteHouse.gov. Biography of Thomas Jefferson. 2009. 3 October 2009 .

The Advantages Of Using DFIG

The Advantages Of Using DFIG In addition to its stator, the DFIGs rotor is also connected to the grid using a power converter (Picture 3). This type is very common for wind turbines as it offers certain advantages compared to other types: It can operate like a synchronous generator and at variable speed, although its stator is directly connected to the grid. The converter can adequately control the voltage (phase and magnitude) that is applied to the rotor and as a consequence control the magnetic fields frequency or speed. It actually forms an AC excitation with a variable frequency, just like the DC excitation used in synchronous generators. This operation gives the DFIG the benefits of a synchronous generator. These benefits include the separate control of reactive and active power, or the control of the wind turbines power factor. The DFIG wind turbines are better than other designs in terms of grid compatibility. It can operate at variable speed, sub- or super synchronously. The optimum speed can be chosen by adjusting the frequency and phase of the voltage that is applied to the rotor, and is such that maximum power is obtained by the wind, in different wind speeds. Since it can operate as synchronous generator, a major advantage of large DFIG wind turbines is that they can contribute to the systems stability after a fault occurs. However, this relies heavily on the control options given by the power converter. Moreover, A DFIG wind turbine can generate reactive power even when the mechanical part is not operating and in not delivering active power. Relative to other variable speed generators, DFIGs power converter is rated at lower power (i.e. about 30% of the wind turbines rated power), since only part of the total power delivered by the wind turbine is transferred through the converter. This makes the wind turbine cheaper and lighter. The power mentioned above, can be either delivered by the rotor (when the turbine rotates with a higher than the synchronous speed), or absorbed (when its speed is below the sync speed). This double mode gives the DFIG the ability to operate at speeds below or above even by 50% of the sync speed, although actually lower variations are chosen. Compared to other generators with variable speed, which use external rotor resistances to allow variable speed, DFIG are more energy efficient, since there is little power dissipated in the converter. DFIG can be accurately controlled due to the fact that the power converter can adjust both the magnitude and phase of the voltage applied to the rotor. This attribute, combined with pitch-control in wind turbines offers the operator more accurate power control, especially in high winds where high power output can cause severe damage to the equipment. Finally DFIG shares the benefits of synchronous and inductive generators regarding its contribution to power systems stability. Appropriate control can improve the damping of power variations in the system, without compromising voltage control. +voltage control Picture 1 Active Management in the distribution network [4], [5], [6] The dispersed nature of renewable resources necessitates their connection at the distribution network, which was designed in order to convey power from high to low voltage. Now, with the introduction of renewable electricity sources, the power can follow any direction, affecting the power and voltage quality as well as the security of the system. Therefore considerable amounts of money should be spent for their upgrade, if the optimum renewable potential is to be achieved. Another, less expensive approach is the transition from the networks traditional passive operation to their active management. Under active management approach, new control and communication technologies are incorporated into the system and allow the operator to control in real time the voltage, the power flows and even the fault levels. The main options under active management are: Power flow management The risks regarding the network power flows must be sufficiently eliminated. The possibility of the distributed generators to deliver power above the systems ratings-capacity can significantly threat the systems operation. This is a serious issue, especially in case of a circuit outage. The power flow management protects the systems parts taking into account their nominal capacity. Voltage control The voltage at a bus is affected by the real and reactive power on that bus as well as the R and X values of the line. The voltage change at that bus is approximately equal to. The most significant issue accruing from the introduction of distributed generators at the distribution networks is the voltage rise at the connected bus. The operator can choose appropriate R and X values but this would require an expensive network upgrade. The control of P and Q is a less expensive option, and this is why it is preferred. The main actions usually taken are: On-load transformer tapping: The operator might reduce/increase the voltage at the primary substation reducing/increasing all the subsequent voltages. Nevertheless, in case of reducing the voltage, a possible generator disconnection might drive the voltage below its allowable limit. Power factor or/and voltage control: see question 4 Reactive power compensation: Appropriate devices (capacitor banks, STACOM etc) can be connected on critical buses, so that they deliver/absorb reactive power and fix the voltage profile. Generation curtailment: another way to mitigate a voltage rise, would be to curtail real power generation from the distributed generators. However, this sets a significant constraint in the renewable energy that can be exploited. Fault level management : see below Load management Reducing or shifting adjustable loads can alleviate the pressure on the networks operation, especially in case of very low renewable generation. Power quality management The operator exploits various capabilities at the generators, loads or other special devices to maintain the powers high quality in terms of harmonics, voltage disturbances etc. Power Factor vs Voltage Control [7], [8], [9] The dominant negative impact of connecting generators in the distribution network is the distortion of the voltage profile. The simplest, but at the same time the most expensive, solution for this problem is the upgrade of the local grid. However, there are more efficient ways, (borrowed by the operation of the transmission networks) that could allow for larger DG penetration without big distortions at the voltage profile. Two of them, concerning the generators operation, are: Power factor control: the generator operates at a constant power factor. The reactive follows the real power output so that their ratio remains constant. This kind of operation was required by the distribution network operator (DNO) in the context of the fit and forget rationale, with which all the low voltage networks were initially designed. The major advantage of this method is that it does not disrupt the operation of other regulation devices, such as OLTC. However, it may have a negative impact on the voltage at the connected bus, since it tends to contribute to the voltage variation which is influenced by the changes in power flows. As a consequence, this approach limits the total generation capacity that can be connected on the network. Voltage control: the generator adjusts its reactive power output so that the voltage at the connection bus remains within the allowable limits. This adjustment is done according to the real power output and the voltage drop or rise occurring at the bus. Obviously, the generators power factor is not constant anymore, although an upper and a lower limit would normally apply. The DNO are not very keen on allowing generators to operate in that way, since this operation could considerably affect the operation of other voltage regulation devices, such as OLTC transformers. Moreover, if a small generator tries to correct a high voltage change, it might need to set its reactive power output at a critical high or low level. This sort of dangerous operation close to the thermal or overcurrent limits entails a significant increase in the maintenance cost, or even worse, it can activate the protections and cause a sudden trip. A combination of the two approaches described above is considered the best solution regarding the optimum operation of a distributed generator. The main idea is that the generator operates with a constant power factor until the point where the voltage at the connected bus reaches the upper or lower allowable limit. At this point, the power factor control is deactivated, letting the generator to adjust its reactive power output and fix the voltage. Again, the power factor must be kept within its the allowable limits. When the voltage returns within its limits, the power factor control is reactivated. The consequences of new DG capacity on network fault levels and protection [4] The connection of distributed generation, using either synchronous or inductive generators, causes an increase in the systems fault levels, owing to the additional generation that could feed a potential fault current. This is especially the case at the very edges and weak parts of the distribution network, where the renewable generators are usually connected. The new fault levels might exceed the rating of the existing protections. Such an implication could cause significant damage to the protection equipment and set the systems security at high risk or ultimately incur supply interruptions. But most importantly could set personnels life in to severe danger. Therefore, every time a new distributed generator is connected, the fault levels must be re-examined and wherever is deemed necessary, protections must be upgraded. In some cases it might be necessary to upgrade the respective part of the network (reduce the R and X values new lines or/and transformers), which would usually requ ire significant amount of money. Nonetheless, in the context of the active management operation of the distribution network, the operator can take some alternative measures: Advanced converter technology: the use of advanced power inverters, makes a generators contribution to the fault current much lower. The more advanced a converter, the higher its cost. Network reconfiguration: changing the topology of the network could change the fault level at some buses. This operation is already available in most of the networks for maintenance purposes. Is Limiter: a device that can instantly increase the systems impedance (lower fault level) in case of an incident, but it needs replacement after each use. Sequential switching: the contribution at the fault current by one or a team of distributed generators can be isolated in case of a fault in a different section. The need for active power balancing in networks with high penetration of renewable energy resources In order for the frequency of a system to be maintained, the total real power generation must always be equal to the total real power load and losses. A distortion of this balance could cause a frequency deviation beyond the allowable limits and hence, damage the equipment and the loads. Therefore, it is of major importance that the system operator must always retain the active power balance. Most of the prevailing renewable energy resources, such as wind or solar, have an intermittent behaviour and their output relies on the weather/climate conditions and hence, cannot be controlled. Although there were significant advances in the weather forecasting, errors are still present. Moreover, any sudden incidents that could trip a big part of the total generation (not only renewable) could also contribute to a real power unbalance. Adding to this the fact that the demand can also vary, the large penetration of renewable resources increases considerably the risk for the systems stability. The main techniques that a system operator can use in order to maintain the power balance are: Storage: Large (compressed air, hydro-pump storage, flywheels etc) or smaller (EV etc) storage facilities can contribute to the real power balancing. They can store energy when the renewable generation exceeds the total load and deliver it back to the network when the total generation is not sufficient to meet the demand. Some storage technologies are better than others in terms of their performance, however all of them are quite capable of quickly adjusting their output to support the systems frequency. Nonetheless, most of the storage technologies are still very expensive. Pump storage, a cheaper option, is naturally constrained, while the massive introduction of EV is not feasible in the foreseeable future. Demand Side Management: The active power equation has two sides. Available for adjusting or shifting demand could adequately contribute to the systems stability when the renewable sources are lower than expected, if appropriate incentives are given to the consumers. Dispatchable units: The unbalances risk that might emerge by the large penetration of renewable energy resources could be offset by large and fast, in terms of start-up and output, generating units, such as hydro or gas plants. However, hydro plants are naturally constrained and gas power plants are still causing carbon emissions, albeit fewer than the coal generators. Interconnections: Interconnections between large electricity grids could significantly reduce the risk associated with the large penetration of renewable energy sources. Each system could either absorb or deliver real power from its counterpart depending on its total generation and demand. DC interconnections are more common, since they can transfer more real power and isolate the two systems in terms of frequency control, although they are more expensive than conventional AC interconnections.

Free Essays - Evil in To Kill A Mockingbird :: Kill Mockingbird essays

Evil in To Kill A Mockingbird "Our greatest evils flow from ourselves" (Tripp 192). This statement, by Rousseau, epitomizes many points of evil that are discussed in Harper Lee's To Kill A Mockingbird. In our world today, we are stared in the face everyday with many facets of evil. These nefarious things come in several forms, including, but not limited to discrimination of sex, race, ethnicity, physical appearance, and popularity, alcoholism, drug abuse, irresponsibility, and even murder. The occurrences of evil and wrong-doing in To Kill A Mockingbird further along Scout's maturation into a young woman. Three of the most important instances of evil are those of racism, alcoholism, and gossip. Dispersed within To Kill A Mockingbird are numerous illustrations of racism. Statements such as "You father's no better than the niggers and trash he works for" (Lee 108) seem to be common through the entire novel. This seemed to bother people of the common day, and this drove many people to deem Lee's book "banned" from their school. If we look back to the times when the book was written, we can understand the use of the "N-word." During the Great Depression, and at many times during the early twentieth century, the "N-word" was used as commonly as many people today use the word "work." It seems as though people either didn't think, or didn't care, about how demeaning "nigger" was. Eventually, some African-Americans came to accept this word. They became so used to hearing it, they heeded it no attention. Atticus Finch, Scout's father, however, had a different way of thinking. Although Atticus was Caucasian, he realized that the "N-word" (as commonly referred to in the recent trial of Orenthal James Simpson) was wrong to say. He instructed his children not to use that word either. This courtesy did not catch on. People continued to refer to African-Americans as "niggers" and called anyone who was kind to "niggers" a "nigger-lover." Scout realized this, and as she grew older, she came to realize how wrong the use of the "N-word" actually was. She assumed, as a child, that because everyone else used it, that it was perfectly fine for her to use.

A Country Split in Half :: essays research papers

There has never been an issue which caused more disputes and conflicts within our country, than abortion. We can all agree that abortion is an incredibly complex issue. The opinion of the American people is also a lot more complex than â€Å"pro life† or â€Å"pro choice†. According to one poll that was conducted by a Christian organization, seventy-five percent of Americans believe in â€Å"pro life† theory. According to another poll, which was conducted by a state medical board, concluded that the majority of Americans believe in a â€Å"pro choice† ideology. Who do we believe? There seems to be an obvious difference in the definition of the terms. I suppose it is possible to create unanimous definition of both terms, which will be approved by both sides, but until then our country will continue to fight a never-ending battle. I also believe that we would not have to fight over this issue if everybody fully understood the indisputable consequences, whic h would be caused by a ban on abortion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Abortion right is the most controversial issue among women. I find it disturbing that some women advocate a ban without considering the consequences. By advocating a ban on abortion women deprive themselves of some of the fundamental rights of our political system. The freedom to make individual choices and decisions should be protected at all times. If people understood this principle, we probably would not be in the situation that we are in today. Most Americans would not want the government to interfere in their personal lives but a â€Å"pro life† decision will do just that.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Banning abortion will not solve this issue because we will be left with undeniable negatives, which will make the problem even worse than it is now. There will always be a controversy about abortion for as long as it exists. Even if we ban abortion, we will be left with such undeniable negatives as rape, economic inequality and illegal abortions. Today there are hundreds of thousands of children in foster homes partly because abortion was not available to their parents. According to one government study, unwanted number of children will more than triple thus flooding foster homes all over the country. Rich women will have an opportunity to obtain abortion in foreign countries that do not consider it to be a crime, while the poor will be left with a baby, which may not be loved or appreciated.

mark twain Essay -- essays research papers

Samuel Clemens/Mark Twain 1835-1910 Samuel Clemens was born on November 30, 1835 in Florida, Missouri, the sixth of seven children. At the age of four, Sam and his family moved to the small frontier town of Hannibal, Missouri on the banks of the Mississippi River. Missouri, at the time, was a fairly new state (it had gained statehood in 1820) and comprised part of the country's western border. It was also a slave state. Sam's father owned one slave and his uncle owned several. In fact, it was on his uncle's farm that Sam spent many boyhood summers playing in the slave quarters, listening to tall tales and the slave spirituals that he would enjoy throughout his life. In 1847, when Sam was 11, his father died. Shortly thereafter he left school, having completed the fifth grade, to work as a printer's apprentice for a local newspaper. His job was to arrange the type for each of the newspaper's stories, allowing Sam to read the news of the world while completing his work. At 18, Sam headed east to New York City and Philadelphia where he worked on several different newspapers and found some success at writing articles. By 1857, he had returned home to embark on a new career as a riverboat pilot on the Mississippi River. With the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, however, all traffic along the river came to a halt, as did Sam's pilot career. Inspired by the times, Sam joined a volunteer Confederate unit called the Marion Rangers, but he quit after just two weeks. In search of a new career, Sam headed west in July of 1861, at the invitation of his brother, Orion, who had just been appointed Secretary of the Nevada Territory. Lured by the infectious hope of striking it rich in Nevada's silver rush, Sam traveled across the open frontier from Missouri to Nevada by stagecoach. Along the journey Sam encountered Native American tribes for the first time as well as a variety of unique characters, mishaps and disappointments. These events would find a way into his short stories and books, particularly Roughing It. After failing as a silver prospector, Sam began writing for the Territorial Enterprise, a Virginia City, Nevada newspaper where he used, for the first time, his pen name, Mark Twain. Wanting a change by 1864, Sam headed for San Francisco where he continued to write for local papers. In 1865, Sam's first "big break" came with the publication of his s... ...at his marketable reputation would be ruined. In 1903, after living in New York City for three years, Livy became ill and Sam and his wife returned to Italy where she died a year later. After her death, Sam lived in New York until 1908 when he moved into his last house, "Stormfield", in Redding, Connecticut. In 1909, his middle daughter Clara was married. In the same year Jean, the youngest daughter, died from an epileptic seizure. Four months later on April 21, 1910, Sam Clemens died at the age of 74. Like any good journalist, Sam Clemens/Mark Twain spent his life observing and reporting on his surroundings. In his writings he provided images of the romantic, the real, the strengths and weaknesses of a rapidly changing world. By examining his life and his works, we can read into the past - piecing together various events of the era and the responses to them. We can delve into the American mindset of the late nineteenth century and make our own observations of history, discover new connections, create new inferences and gain better insights into the time period and the people who lived in it. As Sam once wrote, "Supposing is good, but finding out is better."

The Booker Prize

The Booker Prize award is considered to be one of the most prestigious recognition of the literary world and it represents one of the most important international rewards for any writer, ne it a famous or a little known one. As any award of its king, it stands as a full acknowledgement of the efforts and endeavors of writers from different periods of time. Despite the fact that it does not have the same international impact as the Nobel Prize for literature, it is viewed as a major asset in the writing career of its winners.However, it can be argued that the contribution of the award is two folded, as there are both advantages and disadvantages for winning the prize. Still, it is rather hard to determine the extent to which one of these two elements prevails. It may be that in the career of an already famous writer the role such a prize plays be rather limited as most often this award is solely a different acknowledgement of the literary merits in a series of awards. On the other han d, for emerging new literary talents or for little known fiction authors, it plays a significant role.This is why, in order to have a better comprehension of the influence the Booker Prize has and the power of the award in itself, first and foremost it is important to take into account the history of the Prize and the tendencies it followed. Secondly, the actual advantages and disadvantages of the prize cannot be determined in general terms, but must be focused on particular examples. In this sense, the present paper aims at discussing â€Å"Vernon God Little† and â€Å"The Inheritance of Loss†, two of the novels which captured this award in 2003 and 2006 respectively.In this context, a coherent analysis can be made in relation to their state prior to winning the award and afterwards. Finally, some conclusions can be drawn which may shed some light on the possible advantages and disadvantages of awarding little known authors the Prize, through the experience of the two writers. History and tendencies of the Booker Prize The Booker Prize or the Man Booker Prize at it is known since 2002 was fist established in 1968 and â€Å"aims to reward the best novel of the year written by a citizen of the Commonwealth or the Republic of Ireland† (The Booker Prize Foundation, 2008).Through a process of astute selection, authors in the English speaking world are rewarded for their literary efforts in the area of fictional work and are given the possibility to claim worldwide recognition. The Prize was established by the Booker Company â€Å"but administered since 1971 by the charitable concern the Book Trust (formerly the National Book League), the Prize, first awarded to P. H. Newby (Something to Answer For) in 1969, soon grew into one of Britain's most recognizable cultural institutions† (Huggan, 2001, 107).From this point of view, the prize in itself is therefore viewed as one of the most important literary acclaims of the world. The early star t of the award was directly related to the historical evolutions taking place especially in the Commonwealth but also throughout the world. The end of the 1960s represented not only a time of an increased literary activity but also a time of great political turmoil. In this sense, the decolonization proves was an important factor in outlining not only the national relations inside the former colonies, but also in determining the future contacts with the former colonial powers.The issue of colonialism was raised quite often throughout the history of the Prize, taking into account the fact that the company which organizes and sponsors the yearly event was well known for its sugar plantations in areas such as the West Indies. In this sense, there were certain controversies which arose throughout the years in relation to this matter. In one occasion, in 1972 the winner of the Prize, John Berger, declared that he would support the black extremist movement, the â€Å"Black Panther† in defiance of what he labeled as being a colonial rule on the territory (The Book Prize Foundation, 2007).Therefore, it was important especially for Great Britain to undergo all sorts of programs that would allow it to maintain a good and strong relation with its former colonies. In this sense, the Prize represented a connection between the artistic environments of different countries from the Commonwealth, Ireland, or South Africa. It was yet another element that placed these countries together and defined their common cultural heritage from the past.Therefore, it can be argued that, aside from its literary value, the Prize played a particular role in forging and rewarding the essence of culture and literature in particular from the Commonwealth countries. Despite constant controversy and discussions over the merits and awards given along the years, there have been some important names which have claimed the award, and at the same time, there were impressive newcomers which burst on the literary scene after winning the award. The first winner of the prize was in 1969 P H Newby for â€Å"Something to answer for†.Taking into account the fact that it was the first edition of the awards, it raised without a doubt certain controversies. This was largely due to the fact that the winner was known beforehand and it was considered that a free competition and fairness had not yet been set in place. Still, the author remains in the annals of the Booker Prize as the first winner of the award. There are resounding names which have claimed this literary recognition. Among them, William Golding in 1980 for Rites of Passage, in 1982 Thomas Keneally for Schindler’s Ark, or 1989’s Kazuo Ishiguro's Remains of the Day.All these authors and many more considered the prize as being an important asset in their literary careers and remain to this day reference points of the English speaking literature. However, there are little known writers who claimed the pri ze and soon after, emerged as rising stars of the literary world. Some of the names include 1985 winner Keri Hulme with The Bone People. The winner was on his first novel which, following the prize, came to experience incredible success (The Booker Foundation, 2007).Throughout the history of the prize, there has been a lot of controversy regarding the system of awarding the prize, and even the ceremony in itself. However, as the years went by, the format of the prizes, including the actual event in which the prize was given would adapt to the rigors of an emerging global entertainment society. More precisely, if in the beginning the event did not enjoy the spotlight in the literary and television society, in 1976, â€Å"Melvyn Bragg presented the first ever TV broadcast of the Booker Prize, live on BBC2† (The Booker Foundation, 2007).This came to be an acknowledgement of the importance the prize came to have in the literary world and in the English society as well. At the sam e time however, due to the fact that the artistic part of the awarding ceremony became more and more important for the audience and the media coverage the event started to receive, the controversies surrounding the event took an ascending trend. In this sense, â€Å"many have accused the prize committee of catering to either the needs of otherwise unknown authors in the right place at the right time or to the same few authors each year.Political agendas and profit motives have also received much attention in recent years, further fuelling the controversy surrounding the prize† (Jacobson, 1997). From this point of view, one can argue that the controversies surrounding the prize have in most occasions shifted the focus from the literary event it was meant to be in the beginning to a marketing occasion it is now considered to be. The tendency nowadays is rather hard to determine due to the different points of view shared by analysts.In this sense, while the organizers and part o f the media considers it to be â€Å"the world's most important literary award and has the power to transform the fortunes of authors and even publishers† (The Booker Prize Foundation, 2007), others view it as â€Å"an enormously successful marketing vehicle for nominated authors and their publishers alike† (Jacobson, 1997). Yet, for some of the winners, these two perspectives can find a worthy combination which can acknowledge the quality of their work and promote the sale of their books at the same time. The Booker Prize: young writers and first time novelistsOne of the most important aspects of the Booker Prize is given by the possible impact it has on the actual winners. While there is little discussion on the advantages well known authors draw from winning the prestigious prize, a more relevant discussion would be on the effects it has on first time novelists who are awarded the prize. In this context, the effects can be seen more in the careers of first time nove lists due to the fact that it represents the first recognition of their work and therefore its impact can be better assessed. Indeed, the biggest impact the prize has is on the author who actually wins the award.In this sense, D B C Pierre won the award in 2003 with â€Å"Vernon God Little†. His won of the prize is considered to be one of the most interesting surprises of the event. According to the most reviews at the time, the writer was considered to be an underdog in comparison to his rivals, as â€Å"It beat a shortlist including the first novel by Monica Ali, Brick Lane, which was the bookmakers' favorite and has been the biggest seller in the shops, and Oryx and Crake by Margaret Atwood, the only established author to make it to the final round of judging† (Jury, 2003).From this first perspective, it can be seen the fact that in the judging process the focus of the jury tried to be on first time novelists as well as on established ones. This approach tends to gi ve certain equilibrium to the awarding process and to take into account a wide variety of literary submissions. The choice of the jury at the time was unanimous; therefore there was little doubt on the potential winner. The unity of the choice was considered to be justified due to the important message the text tried to convey.The story of a young teenager from Texas whose life evolves as he tries to face up the challenges of poverty, violence, and family misery was impressive for the panel of the judges who claimed that the book is a â€Å"coruscating black comedy reflecting our alarm but also our fascination with modern America† (Jury, 2003). Indeed the emotional touch on the novel came from the author’s own personal experience as a drug addict in search for his own identity and individual recognition of the self.There are certain objective elements which drew the attention on the novel itself. Firstly, there was indeed the personal affection of the author which tran sformed the book into an impressionable work. Secondly, there was the subject which dealt with a serious issue affecting America at the time. High school shootings and violence among teenagers were considered, and still are viewed as being an essential challenge facing the society due to the questions it actually raises on the values driving the society forward.In this sense, critics considered that â€Å"†the storyline for this book is one that you would as much see played out today on the six o'clock news as read in a novel and has for this reason struck a chord with book lovers† (Jury, 2003). Therefore, the actuality of the story combined with the drama of the personal history of the author made the novel receive the most acclaimed British literary award. The reviews were however split following the award ceremony as not everybody considered such a literary work to be worthy of the prestige of this prize.In this sense, â€Å"picking up on Finlay's notorious past, Th e Daily Telegraph described his win as â€Å"highly embarrassing† for the prize's organizers and sponsor, the Man group. The Guardian called him the â€Å"oddest and most controversial character† to have won the award, while The Independent's literary editor, Boyd Tonkin, said he was a â€Å"novelist whose background makes the antics of most young writers look tame in the extreme† (The Sydney Morning Herald, 2003). Therefore, the cutting edge of the novel was not fully appreciated by traditional literary reviews who considered it to be a choice too daring for the conservatory nature of the award.However, despite the criticism that surfaced after the award ceremony, another element was introduced in the justification for rewarding Finlay’s artistic effort with the prize. Therefore, it was considered that taking into account such a novel and the fact that the winner was in fact a debutant on the literary scene, the focus of the Booker Prize may have shifted from the well acclaimed authors to the ones that have not been top of the selling lists. In this way, the Booker Prize Foundation would engage itself in an endeavor meant at promoting the new talents and at reintroducing young literature to the public.Another important presence on the list of the winners of the Booker Prize is the 2006 jury’s choice in the person of Kiran Desai and her novel â€Å"The Inheritance of Loss†. At 35, she was the youngest female writer to receive the award and this element, along with the quality of her work, attracted the attention of both the jury and the public worldwide. She contested the prize with other five writers, including her mother who had been nominated before for the award, yet never won it (BBC, 2006).Among the other writers from the short list, there were authors with more experience and with more public consideration such as Sarah Waters or Kate Greenville. Still, she became the youngest winner of the award. This was due i n part to the new attempt of the Booker Prize Foundation to try to promote new talents and in part to the emotional story Desai’s novel portrayed, a story of â€Å"globalisation, multiculturalism, inequality and the different forms of love† (Pryor, 2006).From the perspective of Finlay’s experience with the Booker Prize as well as Kiran Desai’s, it can be said that there are both advantages and disadvantages in winning the award. Firstly, one of the most important advantages of the award is the financial aspect. On being awarded the prize, the winner receives ? 50,000 and the tacit commitment of the Foundation to continuously promote the novel. In the case of Finlay’s personal history, in the conditions in which he lived a life of poverty following the loss of his family fortune, the financial aspect can be seen as being of considerable importance (Greer, 2003).Secondly, another advantage of young or debutant writers receiving this prestigious award is the wide recognitions they receive following the ceremony. Before the award, Finlay was far from being an award winning character. His life of drugs, alcohol, and misery would not have presented himself as a possible valuable mind for the literary world. Even more, his past has often been invoked as being unworthy of a Booker Prize winner. Yet, after the recognition he received from the Booker Foundation, many of his critics turned to admit his literary merits in presenting a new face of everyday life in America.In this way, aside from the fact that he managed to draw the attention on the misery and distress affecting local societies in America, he also succeeded in underlining the effects of an abuse led life. Similarly, in Desai’s situation, the award represented both a personal recognition of her young talent, as well as a proof of the the attention the issues addressed by her book received following the award. In this sense, â€Å"the judges hailed â€Å"The Inherit ance of Loss† as a magnificent novel of humane breadth and wisdom, comic tenderness and powerful political acuteness† (BBC, 2006).Thus, another advantage of the award received by a young talent is the fact that by recognizing the value of the book, the jury also acknowledges both the new perspective given to certain elements such as cross culture issues and, at the same time, underlines the importance of the issues under discussion for the contemporary society. Probably one of the most important advantages young winners and first time novelists benefit from is the increase in sales of their books. Most winners received not only wide acclaim from the critics, but also from the public.For instance, â€Å"the 1978 winner, Iris Murdoch's ‘The Sea, The Sea’ (†¦) has a rate of continuing popularity which almost all of today's authors would give their eye teeth to equal† (Ezard, 2004). Therefore, most authors du find fame and fortune following the award winner status. Kiran Desai ensured the Penguin fiction division a rise in sales of two percent immediately after winning the Booker Prize award. Thus, the success of her book was also viewed in the choice of the readers. Still, one of the most important elements which drew the attention of the public was precisely the label of Booker Prize winner.Similarly, Fanley’s story was proposed for a film adaptation as a result of the critics’ acclaim (The Sydney Morning Herald, 2004). Hence, each in his or hers own way managed to reach success as a result of the Booker Prize. Aside from the various, especially financial advantages, there are also considerable disadvantages of the Prize being given to young or first time novelists. One of the most important however is the eventual commercialization of the literary content in an attempt to win the prestigious prize.In this sense, â€Å"because of the marketing potential and the industry-renowned judges, the Booker Prize now is a very high stakes award. Authors, in turn, have more reason to tailor their work to the expectations of the Booker arbiters† (Jacobson, 1997). As a result, the quality of the works may decrease in the attempt to write attractive novels for the judges in the panel rather for the public. Hence, the prize has come to be a goal in itself, rather than an actual recognition. Young artists and first time novelists tend to fall in this trap most often due to the lack of experience and a limited identification of their own personal style.Moreover, due to the increased media attention on the prize, the entire process becomes more focused on the financial aspect, rather than on the artistic value of the recognition in itself. It is considered thus that â€Å"all in all, there can be little doubt that the Booker, more than any other literary prize in recent history, has blazed a trail in the commercialization of English-language literature† (Huggan, 2001). Overall, it can be said that the Booker Prize has had an important influence on its winners, but also on the new tendencies it rewards through the acknowledgement of certain artists.However, another true element is the fact that the commercialization of the entire process has led to the dilution of the value of such a prize. This is why it is important that the Booker Prize award new talents or even little known artists, without regard to their personal or ethnical background because it would prove that the most important element the Booker Prize takes into account is talent and literary achievement, rather than fame and public notoriety. Bibliography BBC. â€Å"Kiran Desai claims Booker title†. BBC News. 2006. 6 January 2008 Desai,Kiran.The Inheritance of Loss. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2005. Ezard, John. â€Å"Booker prize's long-term fame lottery†. The Guardian. 2004. 6 January 2008 Greer, W. R. Book Review – Vernon God Little by DBC Pierre. 2003. 6 January 2008 Huggan, G raham. The Postcolonial Exotic: Marketing the Margins. Routledge. : New York, 2001. Jacobson, Warren. The Booker Prize. 1997. 6 January 2008 Jury, Louise. â€Å"Debut novelist defies odds to win Booker prize†.The Independent. 2003. 6 January 2008 Pierre, D. B. C. Vernon God Little. London: Faber and Faber, 2005. Pryor, Fiona. â€Å"Review: The Inheritance of Loss†. BBC News. 2006. 6 January 2008 The Booker Prize Foundation. About the prize. 2007. 6 January 2008 The Booker Prize Foundation. Hitting the headlines. 2007. 6 January 2008 The Booker Prize Foundation. The Booker Prize. 2008. 6 January 2008

Digital Espionage

Attacks on sites had been a car park occurence ever since the boom of the Internet market, and it is completely usual for pot to get into the moving in themselves either legally or ilegally. Since the occurence of these sharpshoots anti-virus companies had been built, adding withal an separate business into the market. But the direct of comings had been vastly improving, and one example is what happened on Google, one of the populations preeminent expect engine. On January 12, 2010, Google denote on its blog that it had been attacked. It was express to have occured from middle delay year and finished defy December.Google stated that over 20 other companies including Adobe and Microsoft, had excessively been victims. On that correspondent day, US Secretary Hilary Clinton publicly asked for an invoice from the Chinese government. Google became aw are of the attack themselves, by means of their inside sources. gibe to Newsweek, at the time, they contacted Rafal Ro hozinski, chief operating officer of The SecDev Group (a global security and research firm) beca part the attack was precise similar to GhostNet (a astronomic scale cyber spying event last March 2009) and they wanted to k nowadays what they could partake in that might be helpful to their in-house investigation.The attack makems to be emanating from the jurisdiction of china. Google tell that the hackers were provoke in approaching the Gmail accounts of Chinese human rights activists. According to the Financial Times, a person named Ai Weiwei had his two accounts hacked, their contents read and copied. On the others, however, they were only able to view limited details such as the capacity line and the creation date of the account. It was said that the attack started when an employee in China check off on an infected linked, which was sent by dint of an instant message.The attacker was able to access the persons computer, and eventually Googles headquarters in California . It also accessed Googles Moma, an intenal directory that stores information on each of the employees doing task. Carlos Carillo, principal consultant of Mandiant (security incident receipt and forensics firm) was also called in by Google. He said that it was definitely one of the roughly sophisticated attacks Ive seen in the last few years This wasnt aboutthing that a 16-year-old came up in his spare time. He said that theyve seen similar attacks like this on the government, nevertheless never on the commercial space. The level of the attack had certainly been done by a group of experts. Last January 14, 2010, McAfee reported that the attackers had use zero-day vulnerabilities and called the attack physical process Aurora. They snuff it a hole in Microsofts Internet venturer even if their DEP (Data proceeding Prevention) was turned on. The vulnerability affects Internet Explorer versions 6, 7, and 8 on Windows 7, Vista, Windows XP, horde 2003, Server 2008 R2, as well a s IE 6 Service Pack 1 on Windows 2000 Service Pack 4.It would be very hard to movement the injury on Windows Vista or Windows 7, however, because of its move memory fosterion technology. Zero-day vulnerabilities are those flaws that are unknown to the developer. When the attacker discovers the vulnerability onward the developer does, it bay window prove to be very dangerous. The attacker clear either use the vulnerability to copy the information and crystallise a similar program and thence sell it to the market, or he enkindle use the vulnerability to directly repeal the program of the developer.As with Google, analysts said that China is liable(predicate) using its maturing computer profit developing capability to support intelligence entreaty against the U. S. government and industry by conducting a long term, sophisticated computer network exploitation campaign. At least 10 to 20 terabytes of data had been taken from Google and other companies. Days after the attac k, the exploit had been undecided to the public, which are now dangerous to the profits community. Paul Ducklin, Head of Technology (Asia Pacific) from Sophos Lab(developer and seller of security software and hardware), explained how the exploit on Google was done.The Aurora explot relies on a used-after set free bug. The exploit uses java script to run over the browser as it crashes. The exploit has all the usual javascript tricks heap dot (technique used to facilitate arbitary regulation execution) and nop mauls (No Operation Execution, meaning to slide the instruction on its final destination) . At the end of the nop sled is the shellcode, (the actual poisonous binary code that the hacker wants to execute) and a coming wish which uses javascript events that tricks the browser into misusing memory in the initial place.He went to a test server wherein he edited the shellcode, that contains right breakpoints and he added some human readable text load so that if the compu ter crashed he can visually confirm that it was into the computers shellcode. He tried it in IE 6, wherein he put it in the debug controller and only attaching debug to it (the flat coat for doing so is of course because of the debug breakpoints, so if the exploit actually works, he can track back into the debugger). Then he twaddleed on Internet Explorer and visited the malicious site.The exploit actually relies on bring image files. It worked when he tried to see the address on the debugger, WARHEAD came out. Usually, a good anti-virus program can protect internet users from these kind of exploits. In tramp to fix the IE flaw, Microsoft stepped out of its conventionality monthly patch cycle to waiver a patch. The users of IE are now required to run Windows update and click on MS10-002 update to fix it. Meanwhile, Google announced that it would stop censoring its search results in China.David Drimmond, Senior Vice President, Corporate suppuration and Chief Legal Officer of G oogle said Users visiting Google. cn are now creation redirected to Google. com. hk, where we are offering uncensored search in simplified Chinese, specifically intentional for users in mainland China and delivered via our servers in Hong Kong. censorship in China had been a master to maintain the countrys communism. Censhorship prevents unapproved reformist, separatist, counter-revolutionary ideas from organizing themselves and spreading.It also prevents Chinese citizens from discovering or learning more about past and current failures of the commie Party that could create or heat up anti-government sentiment. They had also intended on stoppage foreign government websites to prevent the people from learning alternative systems of governance . What Google did was a risky step because China whitethorn stop doing business with Google altogether. And China, is one of the most sought-after market in the innovation today.Analysts expects Chinas search market to reach 10 billion y uan ($1.46 billion) this year. However, in 5 to 10 years, what Google did may prove to be advantageous for them. Ben Sargent, an analyst with Common smack Advisory, a market research beau monde said that As a culture, China is much more long-term cerebration than most other cultures. No other government takes such long-term views as the Chinese government, Sargent said. So Google is trying to out-Chinese the Chinese in terms of making a really long-term play for childly peoples hearts and minds in China. Google had always been interested on its position in China, but the country is too big of a market to ignore. As what Rohozinski have said, appointee is better than exclusion. You can do a lot more for the people if you work from the inside than just standing around and watching. Google went in with their eyes wide open. Sergey Brin(founder of Google), who had been from the Soviet Union understood China on its political views. The cyber spying just gave them the hazard to mak e their stand and make the world praise them for it.

Moral psychology Essay

Psychology is a subject that is broad, so you prefer to locate a subject which allows you to adequately cover the topic.Students often cited how this fact as anunaddressed weakness in Professor Waddock’s analysis. b. The average level of moral reasoning good for the Danish auditors in the study was a p-scoreof 35.48, which corresponds to a conventional level of moral reasoning.Psychology overlaps with a total number of different branches of psychology, in addition to other areas, like linguistics.† Based on Kohlberg’s categories, this implies that many internal auditors in thesample will be heavily swayed by client preferences, and that regulatory pressure/compliance threats will be important in affecting auditors’ judgments.c. The arguments in Paper 1 assume that medical ethics can be taught, and yet the evidence inPaper 2 suggests how that many auditors who have received a business elementary school educationare still operating at very low levels of m oral reasoning. Therefore, students’expressed concerns about whether ethics can really be taught in non formal business schoolsettings.

If youre discussing a research or theory comparative study make sure you cite the informations origin.d. Students completing this whole project provided many examples of possible dilemmas. Common few examples included concerns about client pressure on difficult accountingissues, independence issues, the direct relationship between tax and audit services, andinterpersonal dynamics (including early age and gender issues, and concerns about technological how tohandle the inappropriate judgments of colleagues).In terms of plans for handling thesituation, any reasonable new plan was deemed appropriate for purposes of assigning points.Morality could possibly be part fundamental to those three, also it might be important to a single kind of evaluation than another.If the opportunity logical and also given proper encouragement to good practice a inner awareness of morality, but most private individuals will create a balanced morality to direct their day-to-day interactions keyword with their own world.

Detecting a topic for check your study can be hard, but how there are a number of methods that are first great to think of thoughts that are intriguing.Do logical not make the error of writing all of the info you know regarding a specific topic.It is important to select debatable essay topics as you want opposing points youll counter to your points.Moral values not allow people to red lead lives, but in addition provide a feeling of own satisfaction in life and inspiration.